Sunday, September 12, 2010

Innovate Like Edison

Baby ducks learn to walk by imitating their mothers. Many species, including humans, develop much of their behavioral repertoire by following role models. One distinctive characteristic of humans, however, is that as we become adults we can choose whom and what to imitate. If you want to cultivate all aspects of your human potential then Leonardo da Vinci would be an ideal figure to emulate. The supreme example of a "Renaissance Man", Leonardo was probably the most creative and well-rounded person who ever lived. But, if you're primarily interested in achieving your most important and ambitious goals then there's probably no better role model than Thomas Edison. Thomas Edison (1847-1931) is history's greatest achiever and practical innovator.


After all, Edison didn't just invent the light bulb, he developed a system for lighting the entire world. If you are reading this article with the help of electrical illumination, it's worth remembering that it was Edison who made this possible. Edison's lighting system changed the world forever in a profoundly practical and profitable way. The light bulb is a universal symbol for "bright ideas," and "brilliance" and Edison is the extraordinary genius behind that icon. If the lighting system were his only success, Edison would be renowned as one of the great geniuses of all time. Amazingly, he also invented the phonograph and much of the technology for the development of moving pictures, thereby launching the modern entertainment industry. Edison generated a record 1,093 U.S. patents but his greatest invention of all was never patented. Edison's greatest invention was the creation of a systematic approach to innovation. Before Thomas Edison, invention was viewed as the random product of a solitary genius. Edison was, of course, an exceptional genius, but the greatest product of his genius was the establishment of an approach to creativity and innovation that he believed anyone could follow. As he proclaimed, "If we all did the things we are capable of doing we would literally astound ourselves."

Edison's astounding successes flowed from his establishment of the world's first Research and Development laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey, and then in his "Invention Factory" at West Orange, New Jersey. For Thomas Edison, the principles of personal success and business innovation went hand-in-hand. And he never kept them "Secret." Edison shared his ideas on success in his voluminous notebooks and in many interviews with the media. In the self-improvement classic Think and Grow Rich Napoleon Hill [1883-1970] expresses these timeless success principles. Hill discovered these principles by interviewing many of the most prominent people of his day, including, of course, Thomas Edison.

Edison's ability to manifest his goals was predicated on his intuitive understanding of how the creative mind functions. You can access and apply the same principles that he did; to get started consider this simple acronym that expresses essential elements of effective goal-setting: SMART

S-Specific: It's nice to want to be "rich", "happy" and "successful" but these kinds of terms are too general and vague. Instead of focusing on becoming "rich", for example, determine the exact amount of money you would like to have. For all your goals, define exactly what you want to accomplish in detail.

M-Measurable: How will you know that you've achieved your goal? How will you monitor your progress? Determine the criteria you will use to measure your achievement.

A-Accountable: Make a full commitment to be personally responsible for achieving your goal. When setting goals in a team, be certain that accountability is clear.

R-Relevant: Ensure that your goals are relevant to your overall purpose and values.

T-Timeline: Create a clear timeline for the achievement of your goals. Without a clear timeline you are just fantasizing rather than goal-setting.

The SMART acronym provides sound guidance for setting your goals, but although many people are familiar with it few remember to apply it. Why? As neuroscientist Dr. Richard Restak points out, for the brain to remember to organize behavior in alignment with a goal it must connect the emotional component with its rational component. In other words, many goals remain unfulfilled because they're not aligned with our emotions. Understanding how to set goals so that they will be remembered and translated into behavior is a critical key to personal happiness and fulfillment.

How do you integrate the emotional and rational elements in goal-setting? The secret is to invoke a second acronym: EDISON

EDISON makes the SMART part come to life:

Emotion/Expression: Thomas Edison was intensely passionate about his goals. His biographers referred to him as "the living embodiment of the phrase: "I want what I want when I want it!" As the research of Restak and others demonstrates, and the story of Edison confirms, the emotional element of Goal- Manifestation is crucial. Express your goal in terms that energize and excite you. Awaken and focus your deepest passion.

Decision: Goals aren't realized through wishing and hoping. Instead, like Edison, be decisive about what you intend to manifest. Make a committed decision even if you can't yet see the path forward to the realization of your goal.

Integration: Always consider how each goal you set will be integrated with your other goals and your overall purpose. (Hint: Always link your goals to a higher purpose beyond your own personal benefit). Edison's goals were all expressions of his life philosophy that he described as "bringing out the secrets of nature and applying them for the happiness of man." He added, "I know of no better service to render during the short time we are in this world."

Sensory: Edison drew pictures and built three-dimensional models to represent his goals. Use all your senses to vividly imagine the manifestation of your goal.

Optimistic: As the research of Dr. Martin Seligman and many others demonstrates, optimists achieve better results in life. Optimism drives success and innovation. Edison's optimism was so powerful that it influenced every one around him to perform beyond what they believed to be possible.

Now: Express your goal in present centered terms. And, begin it now!

Did you know that Thomas Edison?

-Started the first newspaper ever published on a train (when he was only 14 years old!)
- Invented the "Carbon Button Transmitter" that made it possible for people to understand what was being said on the telephone
-Was taken out of public school, where he never felt comfortable, and home-schooled by his mother
-Had a reading with the legendary psychic, Edgar Cayce
-Patented a process for making the cement used in the construction of Yankee stadium
-Was an environmentalist who advocated the use of solar energy more than 100 years ago and also invented a storage battery to power cars

4種「愛迪生式思考法」,找出靈感、解決問題

誠如愛迪生所言,「天才是1%的靈感加上99%的汗水」,他那令所有人、組織夢寐以求的創新能力,也並非來自偶然。愛迪生的創新力歸功於他的思考方式,其中首要的、不可或缺的,是他的「問題解決導向」思維。

湯瑪士‧愛迪生(Thomas Edison)無庸置疑是人類歷史中最偉大的發明家之一;他發明電燈、留聲機、電影,創立奇異(General Electric),一生中共申請1093件專利。誠如愛迪生所言,「天才是1%的靈感加上99%的汗水」,他那令所有人、組織夢寐以求的創新能力,也並非來自偶然。《快樂腦:學習愛迪生的五種創新思考法》一書將愛迪生的創新力歸功於他的思考方式,其中首要的、不可或缺的,是他的「問題解決導向」思維。

愛迪生的目的清楚──「發掘大自然奧祕,為人類創造福祉」,也因此決定他看世界的方式;他一心尋找解決方案,並始終堅信自己能夠成功。希望培養愛迪生的問題解決導向思維,可以透過以下4種實踐方法:

1.「SMART EDISON」法則,定義目標、激發熱情

愛迪生是最樂於工作的人,因為他懂得結合目標與熱情,一切失敗都不以為苦;他曾經說過:「我一生從沒做過一天工作,全都在玩樂與嬉戲。」要像愛迪生一樣結合情感元素和理性元素,可以透過英文縮寫SMART EDISON的11個步驟,明確地定義目標,激發個人熱情:



S─Specific,具體:清楚詳細地界定自己想要達成的目標。



M─Measurable,可測量:決定如何測量進步的幅度,讓自己知道目標已經達成。



A─Accountable,責任清楚:全力以赴、達成目標。訂定團隊目標時,則要確認權責清楚。



R─Relevant,相關性:確保自己的目標和整體的目的、價值相關。



T─Timeline,時效性:訂出達成目標的最終時限。



E─Emotional,動之以情:表達目標時,感情要素很重要;要選用能夠激勵自己的方式來表達自己的目標,感受到未來達成目標時可能帶來的喜悅。



D─Decisive,堅決果斷:避免「希望目標能實現」等模稜兩可的態度,必須下定決心全力以赴,意志堅定。



I─Integrated,整體性:將自己的目標設定為超越個人利益,連結至整體更崇高的目的。



S─Sensory,切身感受:生動地想像自己的目標內容,試著說、畫,或用各種方式表達出來,讓自己能夠切實感受。



O─Optimistic,樂觀態度:把追求目標,看做像地心引力般理所當然,永遠抱持自然的樂觀態度。



N─Now,立刻執行:馬上開始實踐目標。




2.樂觀、永不放棄,成功的必勝法是「再試一次」

愛迪生在實驗成功前面臨過無數次失敗,但他卻認為每一項實驗都是成功的;因為無論發生什麼,實驗都有助於釐清原本渾沌不明之處。愛迪生拒絕把「意料之外的結果」視做失敗,他說:「我們最大的弱點就是放棄;成功的必勝法就是再試一次。」

愛迪生的樂觀態度,來自他選擇對世事萬物採用正面的解釋方式。當他面對困難與挑戰時,總能客觀地定義出導致問題產生的外在因素,不會自怨自艾、歸罪於自己的厄運;他也懂得將成功和快樂視為常態,把負面事件視為通往成功路上的小插曲、偶爾發生的獨立現象,和人生其他的層面無關。


3.用最有效率的方式,大量閱讀

愛迪生為了解決問題、回答自己無休止的疑惑,對知識產生近乎瘋狂的渴求。他曾說,「我不只讀了很多書,我讀了一整座圖書館的書。」為了在短時間內盡快學會所有做實驗必須具備的知識,他建立出一套效率學習法:

(1)訂定清楚的目標:在每次閱讀之前,先捫心自問自己想要學什麼,訂出具體目標,白紙黑字寫下來。

(2)讓大腦先熱身:將已知道的書中主題,先透過口頭表達,或寫在紙上──透過口和手的使用,能夠活化大腦中的連結網路,迅速進入學習狀態,記住閱讀內容的機會便大幅增加。

(3)先瀏覽內容:翻閱目錄、前言、章節摘要與書評或總結,從最廣泛的大意的開始,慢慢各個擊破細部知識;有時粗略的瀏覽便已經能足夠回答相關問題,省去詳細閱讀的時間。

(4)記錄並分享重點:記下閱讀重點後,再將所學到的知識教導、分享給別人。因為在練習表達所學的過程中,能夠訓練記憶力,並強迫自己再次融會貫通、咀嚼知識,能夠清楚明白自己還有哪些不懂之處。


4.持之以恆,努力不懈

愛迪生經常強調努力、專注與堅持的重要性,導致他的一生都在不停歇的實驗中度過,實驗地點可以是地球任何一個角落。

他曾說:「一定有更好的方式,我要把他找出來。」愛迪生的問題解決導向思維讓他無論身在何處,都不放過任何可能從經驗中學習的機會;更重要的是,沒有一次失敗讓他停止實驗。

組織、個人的創新,同樣並非來自一時好運或神奇魔法,而是必須透過反覆的嘗試、面對失敗,才能如願找出創新解決方案。